Endless felt.



A. H. BOGANI & W. E. SHEEHAN.

ENDLESS FELT.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

Patented May 27 l. .n.47 ,dll

jm/585i I UNITED sTATEs rnTENT oEEIoE.

ARTHUR H. BOGANI, F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, AND WILLIAM E. SHEEHAN. 0FALBANY, NEW YORK.

ENDLESS FELT.

Specication ot Letters Patent.

Patented May 27, 1913.

To all 'u1/omit may concern Be it known that we, ARTHUR H. BoGANI, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Jersey City, in thecounty of Hudson and State of New Jersey, and WILLIAM E. SUEEHAN, acitizen of the United States` and a resident of Albany, in the county ofAlbany and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Endless Felts, of which the following is a full, clear,and exact specificatlon, such as will enable others skilled in the artto which it appertains to make and-use thesame.

This invention relates to improvements 1n endless felts and particularlyin endless felts used in the manufacture of paper, and known as papermakers felts. t

The object of our invention is to prov1de for use on paper makingmachines, an endless felt of composite structure, which shall be morelasting and more economlcal, and also more satisfactory than the feltsnow or heretofore used.

It is our purpose to provide such an endless felt for use as a jacket onwhat are known in the paper trade as the couchrolls, and also for use asa blanket or carrier for the paper in its progress through thepress-rolls in such manufacture.

In the manufacture of paper the pulp goes through the couch-rolls, whereitis subjected to great pressure and a considerable portion of the waterin the pulp is thereby eliminated, being in large part taken up by thefelt. From the couch-roll the paper is transferred to the press-rollsproper, of which there are usually a series, and in these rolls theamount of water or moisture is successively reduced. Y

The felt now used as a jacket on the couch-rolls and also for thepress-rolls consists of a woolen woven fabric, of a single thickness,which is subjected to the process of fulling for the purpose ofshrinking and compacting the fabric and then, by teazeling, or otherprocess, a nap is raised on the fabric from the threads composing thesame, this nap being depended upon to secure a smooth surface to thepulp as it passes through the couch-rolls and the press-rolls. It isfound, however, that t-he felt just described and now universally usedcauses great dissatisfaction, due to the fact that the nap or fluffysurface of the fabric, in

a very short time wears down to such an extent that when the paperpasses through the rolls, the threads of the fabric, where the nap isworn, leave an imprint upon the paper and otherwise rou hen and mar itssurface, with the result tat the machinery must be stopped for thesubstitution of new felts on the rolls, all of which is expensive, oftenrequiring also a re-working of the paper due to such defects. All ofthese disadvantages and losses in operation will be avoided by the useof the composite felt which is the subject of our present invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a piece of the fabric usedas the base for our composite felt, and before the preliminary treatmentherein referred to; Fig. 2 is a plan view illustrating a layer of thecarded wool, entering into the making 0f the composite felt; Fig. 3 is across section of the fabric shown 1n Fig. 1 after the prelimi narytreatment of fulling and with the carded wool felted and securedAthereto; and Flg. 4 is a cross section of the composite felt in place onone of the couch-rolls of a paper making machine.

Now to point out to those skilled in the art how our improved fabric ismade. We rst take a coarse, either tightly or loosely woven woolenfabric as vrepresented at A, Fig. 1, the same being made endless, orwith the ends joined together, and of the proper size to, after thepreliminary treatment hereinafter mentioned, fit the roll or rolls towhich itis to be applied. The fabric may be made endless either bycarefully sewing the ends thereof together, or, and preferably, this maybe done in the operation of weaving the fabric. This fabric is thensubjected to a preliminary treatment of fulling, thereby shrinking andcompacting the same as much as possible, the threads thereof beingclosely drawn together as shown at B, Fig. 3. Preferably, it isafterward subjected to a teazeling or other operation, in order to raisemore or less nap on the surface of the fabric. These operations are wellknown to those skilled in the art, and a description of the same willtherefore be unnecessary.

Upon the fulled4 woolen fabric just referred to, we continuously place arelatively thin layer of iufy wool, as the same comes in slivers fromthe carding machines, the same being represented 4at C, Fig. 2. We

continuously deposit on the fabric the slivcrs of carded wool until thelatter has reached a considerable thickness relative to the thickness ofthe woven fabric. The woven fabric, wit-l1 the superposed stratum orlayer of carded wool. is thereafter subjected t0 any well known form offelting operation, Wherein by the combined action of heat and moistureand pressure or rubbing, not only the fibers of the carded wool arecompacted and felted together, but the fibers of the resultin-g felt arefelted securely to the Woolen woven fabric, as shown at l), Fig. 3, soas to be substantially integral therewith.

'l he felt of the combined fabric may, if desired, be afterwardsubjected to teazeling or other treatment for the purpose of giving it asoft fluffy surface.

At Fig. 4f, we show one use of the composite endless felt in papermaking, the same being applied to a couch-roll represented in Whole atE, between which and its companion roll F passes the pulp represented atGr, carried by the wire-cloth mold or carrier H. As will be evident andas has been found to be the case in practice, the composite fabricresulting from our process of manufacture is very durable, and owing tothe backing of Woven Woolen fabric, to which the felt is secured in suchmanner as to make the two in effect one piece, it is held firmly on therolls, and is prevented from spreading or being pulled out of shape whenin use, and it is apparent that its Working face will last very muchlonger than the felt now used to which We have above referred and willnot mar the surface of the pulp or paper. The outer layer of felt may,o-f course, be made of'any desired thickness, and this is importantsince upon it depends to a great extent the length of time the jacket orblanket may be used.

Although We have shown and described our composite fabric as formed Witha layer of felt on one side only of the woven Woolen fabric, it mayalso, when desired, be made with such a layer on both sides of saidwoven fabric.

We claim:

l. The process of making paper-makers felt which consists in fulling andshrinking a tubular fabric, teazeling the surface thereof to raise anap, attaching thereto continuous thin strata of fiber, and felting thesame to said fabric. v

2. The process of making paper-makers felt which consists in fulling andshrinking a tubular woven Woolen fabric, teazeling the surface thereofto raise a nap, attaching thereto continuous thin strata of wool, andfelting the saine to said fabric.

3. A paper-makers felt comprising a fulled and shrunk tubular fabrichaving a raised nap, and a plurality of continuous thin strata of berattached to and felted thereon.

4. A paper-makers felt comprising a fulled and shrunk tubular WovenWoolen fabric having a raised nap, and a plurality of continuous thinstrata of Wool attached to and felted thereon.

ARTHUR H. BOGANI. WILLIAM E. SHEEHAN. Witnesses:

LAURA E. SMITH, NELLIE FLAHERTY.

